ABSTRACT
@#To investigate the prevalence of Peste des petitis ruminants in yaks and cattle in poorly studied areas of China. A total of 1202 and 560 blood samples were collected from yaks and cattle, respectively and processed using a commercial ELISA kit. Multivariable logistic regression model was piloted to find the variables, potentially associated with exposure of PPR infection in yaks and cattle. Results indicated that the overall prevalence of PPR in yaks was 11.2%. A total 66 (11.8%) out of 560 were examined out to be positive to PPR in cattle in Jiangxi province. According to conditional stepwise logistic regression, region, age and gender were found to be the more influencing risk factors in yaks, while region and age were found to be the potential risk factors in cattle. The current results reported the prevalence and associated risk factors of PPR in bovine for the first time in China.
ABSTRACT
Hepatic oval cells (HOCs) are recognized as facultative liver progenitor cells that play a role in liver regeneration after acute liver injury. Here, we investigated the in vitro proliferation and differentiation characteristics of HOCs in order to explore their potential capacity for intrahepatic transplantation. Clusters or scattered HOCs were detected in the portal area and interlobular bile duct in the liver of rats subjected to the modified 2-acetylaminofluorene and partial hepatectomy method. Isolated HOCs were positive for c-kit and CD90 staining (99.8% and 88.8%, respectively), and negative for CD34 staining (3.6%) as shown by immunostaining and flow cytometric analysis. In addition, HOCs could be differentiated into hepatocytes and bile duct epithelial cells after leukemia inhibitory factor deprivation. A two-cuff technique was used for orthotopic liver transplantation, and HOCs were subsequently transplanted into recipients. Biochemical indicators of liver function were assessed 4 weeks after transplantation. HOC transplantation significantly prolonged the median survival time and improved the liver function of rats receiving HOCs compared to controls (P=0.003, Student t-test). Administration of HOCs to rats also receiving liver transplantation significantly reduced acute allograft rejection compared to control liver transplant rats 3 weeks following transplantation (rejection activity index score: control=6.3±0.9; HOC=3.5±1.5; P=0.005). These results indicate that HOCs may be useful in therapeutic liver regeneration after orthotopic liver transplantation.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Rats , Cell Proliferation , Cell Differentiation/physiology , Cell Transplantation/methods , Hepatocytes/cytology , Liver Transplantation/methods , Flow Cytometry , Graft Rejection/diagnosis , Hepatectomy , Immunohistochemistry , Liver/anatomy & histology , Liver/surgery , Primary Cell Culture , Rats, Inbred Lew , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Survival RateABSTRACT
Instrumentation of anterior vertebral body screws has become an important approach for treatment of unstable fracture or curvature of the spine, but little attention has been paid to the starting point of placing the screws and variability of the rib head position. We analyzed the variability of rib head position in a Chinese population in terms of the spinal canal and vertebral body using computed tomography (CT). Images from transverse CT scan of the T4-T12 vertebral bodies of 30 normal individuals were 3D reconstructed, and analyzed for measurement of parameters, which included: 1) distance between the left (or right) anterior border of the rib head and the posterior (or anterior) margin of the vertebral body [L(R )ARHP(A)VB], 2) left (or right) transverse dimension [L(R)TD], 3) left (or right) posterior (or anterior) safe angle [L(R)P(A)SA], and 4) distance between the inferior border of the left (or right) rib head and the superior (or inferior) end-plate in the sagittal plane [IL(R)RHS(I)EP]. The ARHPVB, PSA, and IRHIEP gradually decrease, but ARHAVB, TD, ASA, and IRHSEP gradually increase from T4 to T12, indicating that the position of the rib head changes from a more anterior position to a more posterior position and from a more superior position to a more inferior position as the number of the vertebra increases. Our study has provided comprehensive reference guide for accurate and safe instrumentation of vertebral body screws in treating related spine diseases.
La instrumentación del cuerpo anterior vertebral con tornillos ha sido una vía importante para el tratamiento de las fracturas inestables y curvaturas de la columna, pero se ha prestado poca atención a la zona de colocación de los tornillos y la variabilidad de la posición de la cabeza costal. Se analizó la variabilidad de la posición de la cabeza de la costilla en una población de China en relación al canal vertebral y cuerpo vertebral mediante tomografía computarizada (TC). Imágenes de cortes transversales de TC correspondientes a los cuerpos vertebrales T4-T12 de 30 individuos normales fueron reconstruidos tridimensionalmente, y se analizó la medida de algunos parámetros: 1) la distancia entre el margen anterior izquierdo (o derecho) de la cabeza de la costilla y el margen posterior (o anterior) del cuerpo vertebral [L(R)ARHP(A)VB], 2) Dimensión transversa izquierda (o derecha) [L(R)TD], 3) ángulo de seguridad izquierdo (o derecho) posterior (o anterior) [L(R)P(A)SA], y 4) la distancia entre el margen inferior de la cabeza de la costilla izquierda (o derecha) y la placa terminal superior (o inferior) en el plano sagital [IL(R)RHS(I)EP]. El ARHPVB, PSA, y IRHIEP disminuyeron gradualmente, pero ARHAVB, TD, ASA, y IRHSEP aumentaron gradualmente de T4 a T12, lo que indica que la posición de la cabeza de la costilla cambia desde una posición más anterior a una posición más posterior y de una posición más superior a una posición más inferior a medida que aumenta el número de vértebras. Nuestro estudio ha proporcionado completa guía de referencia para la instrumentación precisa y segura de tornillos en el cuerpo vertebral para el tratamiento de enfermedades relacionadas con la columna vertebral.
Subject(s)
Humans , Ribs/surgery , Spine/surgery , Bone Screws , Orthopedic Procedures/instrumentation , Ribs/anatomy & histology , Scoliosis/surgery , Spinal Fusion/instrumentation , Spine/anatomy & histology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , China , Imaging, Three-DimensionalABSTRACT
Objective: To describe the clinical features of infection, and the antibiotic susceptibility of epidemic strains, and investigate plasmid maps and integrons of the isolates from an outbreak of Shigella sonnei infection at an elementary school in southwest China. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: An elementary school and five hospitals in Chengdu in southwest China. Results: There were 1,134 students in the school. 937 (82.6%) students had signs and symptoms. Of the 568 (60.6%, 568/937) hospitalized students, 93.3% 86.8%, 72.4%, and 28.9% of the hospitalized patients had diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain, and vomiting, respectively. S. sonnei strains were isolated from the stool samples of 36.0% (337/937) students. All of the outbreak isolates had the same high-level antimicrobial resistance and plasmid profiles, which were different from that of sporadic strains. All the outbreak S. sonnei isolates were positive for the integrin gene and contained class 2 integron; however, two outbreak isolates contained class 1 and class 2 integrons. Conclusions: Diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain were the three most common clinical manifestations observed in patients infected with S. sonnei. High-level antibiotic resistance was observed among Shigella species.